The fact that Dutch people staying behind in Joseon
after Hamel and his mates escaped from Joseon were sent
back home via Japan is a very good example in understanding
international relations in those days.
It was because this negotiation was not made in direct
way between Joseon and Netherlands, but in indirect
way via Japan.
Dutch people shipwrecked in Joseon could return home
with the existing foreign relations between Japan and
Netherlands, not between Joseon and Netherlands.
Also, the relation between Joseon and Japan was a precondition
of sending Dutch people back home.
In other words, when castaways arrived in a country
where they have no foreign relations, they could return
home via the third country such as Japan which they
have foreign relations with.
Such structure of sending castaways back home and international
relations can be displayed in graph form as follows.
Seven(7) Dutch men staying behind in Joseon could go
to Japan because there was state authority of Joseon
and Japan. In addition, international relations between
Joseon and Japan and between Japan and Netherlands facilitated
their return back to Netherlands.
The repatriation system was not established between
Japan and Netherlands until 1643. Since Dutch ship,
the Breathkense was shipwrecked in Yamada(ߣï£) in 1643,
the Japanese government made the standards of dealing
with the shipwreck of Dutch ships.
In 1627 before the Breathkense
sudden arrival, Weltevree (Park
Yeon) arrived in Joseon and the Joseon government
wanted him to handed over to Japan but Japan rejected
it.
At that time, although Japan had relations with Netherlands,
Japan had to reject because "the
system of sending castaways back home" was
not yet established between Joseon and Japan and between
Japan and Netherlands.
But with regard to Hamel and his mates in 1653, Japan
requested Joseon to send them back to Japan.
Although they were shipwrecked in Joseon, Japan could
request their repatriation having confirmed their stay
in Joseon.
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